Python is a programming language that is easy to read and write. In this notebook, you will learn the basics and then move on to more advanced concepts like functions, lists, and dictionaries.

1. The print() function

It is used to display a message on the screen.

Example:

print("Hello, world!")

Exercise 1: Write a program that prints your name.

2. Variables

A variable is a container that can store a value.

Example:

name = "Luca"
age = 13

Exercise 2: Create two variables, one with your name and one with your age, then print them.

3. Keyboard Input

With the input() function we can ask the user to enter data.

Example:

name = input("What is your name? ")
print("Hello", name)

Exercise 3: Ask the user for their favorite color and print it.

4. Mathematical Operations

Python can perform calculations:

+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
** exponentiation

Example:

a = 5
b = 2
print(a + b)

Exercise 4: Ask the user for two numbers and print the sum.

5. Conditions (if - else)

With if we can decide what to do depending on a condition.

Example:

age = int(input("How old are you? "))
if age >= 18:
    print("You are an adult")
else:
    print("You are a minor")

Exercise 5: Ask for a number and print whether it is even or odd.

6. Loops (for - while)

For loop

for i in range(1, 6):
    print(i)

While loop

i = 1
while i &lt;= 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1

Exercise 6: Print numbers from 1 to 10 using for.

Exercise 7: Print even numbers from 2 to 20 using while.

7. Comments

Comments explain the code but are not executed.

# This is a comment

Exercise 8: Rewrite one of your programs adding a comment to each line.

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

8. Lists

A list is a sequence of values enclosed in square brackets.

Example:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "kiwi"]
print(fruits[0])  # prints "apple"

Exercise 9: Create a list with 5 animals and print the second item.

9. Looping through a list

You can use a for loop to read each item in the list.

for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

Exercise 10: Write a program that prints all the items in a list of sports.

10. Functions

A function is a block of code that can be reused.

Example:

def greet(name):
    print("Hello", name)

greet("Julia")

Exercise 11: Write a function that takes two numbers and prints their sum.

11. Dictionaries

A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs.

Example:

student = {"name": "Anna", "age": 13}
print(student["name"])

Exercise 12: Create a dictionary with information about a city (name, population, country).

12. Final Challenge (optional)

Write a program that:

Asks the user for two numbers
Adds them and calculates the average
Prints a different message if the average is greater or less than 10

Exercise 13: Try using if, input(), print() and math operations.